{"schemaVersion":"1.0","canonicalUrl":"https://tennessai.com/data-centers/xai-colossus-memphis","packetUrl":"https://tennessai.com/diligence/xai-colossus-memphis","reviewDate":"2026-11-03","project":{"lat":35.184553,"lng":-89.894612,"jobs":"Not disclosed in cited source","kind":"campus","name":"xAI Colossus — Paul R. Lowry Road","slug":"xai-colossus-memphis","capex":"Not disclosed by operator; Chamber cites largest new-to-market investment in Memphis history","power":"Not disclosed in cited source","region":"memphis","status":"Operating — expansion reported","details":["The Chamber's December 4, 2024 release says the Colossus expansion will incorporate a minimum of one million GPUs; that is a stated plan, not a verified installed count.","The Commercial Appeal reports xAI said Colossus grew from 100,000 to 200,000 GPUs after coming online in September 2024.","On July 2, 2025 the Shelby County Health Department granted an air permit for 15 natural-gas turbines at the site, per The Commercial Appeal. The permit's terms should be read from the agency record."],"summary":"The Greater Memphis Chamber announced on June 5, 2024 that xAI's supercomputer would occupy a former manufacturing facility in Memphis. The Commercial Appeal records the site as the former Electrolux building at 3231 Paul R. Lowry Road.","locality":"Shelby County","location":"3231 Paul R. Lowry Road, Memphis","operator":"xAI","sourceIds":["census-counties","xai-memphis-chamber","xai-memphis-timeline","xai-turbine-permit"],"confidence":"B","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","locationNote":"Census Gazetteer internal point for Shelby County; not the campus location.","approximateLocation":true},"sources":[{"id":"census-counties","url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2025_Gazetteer/2025_Gaz_counties_national.zip","title":"2025 Census Gazetteer county internal points","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03"},{"id":"xai-memphis-chamber","url":"https://memphischamber.com/blog/press-release/velocity-meets-potency-xai-announces-memphis-as-new-home/","title":"Velocity meets potency: xAI announces Memphis as new home","publisher":"Greater Memphis Chamber","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2024-06-05"},{"id":"xai-memphis-timeline","url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2025/06/05/elon-musk-xai-supercomputer-grok-memphis-tn/83599473007/","title":"xAI in Memphis: How the project came together and where it stands","publisher":"The Commercial Appeal","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-06-05"},{"id":"xai-turbine-permit","url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2025/07/02/elon-musk-xai-turbines-in-memphis-permit/84451755007/","title":"xAI granted permit for turbines at Memphis site","publisher":"The Commercial Appeal","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-07-02"}],"qualifications":["This is a public research packet, not a legal, tax, engineering or investment opinion.","A source association is not proof of a final permit, utility commitment, incentive award or completed project.","Campus and multi-site program scopes are different. Do not sum overlapping program and campus investment or capacity figures.","Publication dates, desk review dates and project milestones have different meanings. An export is not a new source verification.","Unknown or undisclosed values remain unknown; locality markers are approximate and do not establish parcel jurisdiction."],"openQuestions":[{"topic":"Land use and jurisdiction","question":"Which parcel, legal jurisdiction and land-use approvals apply to xAI Colossus — Paul R. Lowry Road?","boundary":"The reviewed locality label is “Shelby County”. Confirm parcel jurisdiction independently. No locality-matched land-use reference is recorded in this packet; consult the actual governing jurisdiction.","references":[]},{"topic":"Electric service","question":"What site-specific utility service agreement, interconnection milestone and delivery date are documented?","boundary":"Reviewed disclosure: Not disclosed in cited source. A campus specification is not an energized utility commitment. The general TVA and local power company references do not identify the serving utility, governing rate or service agreement for this particular site.","references":[{"id":"kairos-hermes2-tva","url":"https://www.kairospower.com/updates/google-kairos-power-tva-collaborate-to-meet-americas-growing-energy-needs","title":"Google, Kairos Power, TVA collaborate to meet America's growing energy needs","publisher":"Kairos Power","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-08-18"},{"id":"mlgw-xai-statement","url":"https://www.mlgw.com/images/content/files/pdf/XAIJuly2025Statement.pdf","title":"MLGW statement on xAI's 5420 Tulane Road location","publisher":"Memphis Light, Gas and Water","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-07-22"}]},{"topic":"Environmental and water review","question":"Which air, water and cooling records apply to the actual site and phase?","boundary":"The register does not establish a project-specific water allocation or final environmental approval.","references":[{"id":"xai-turbine-permit","url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2025/07/02/elon-musk-xai-turbines-in-memphis-permit/84451755007/","title":"xAI granted permit for turbines at Memphis site","publisher":"The Commercial Appeal","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-07-02"}]},{"topic":"Investment and incentives","question":"Which site-specific investment scope and written incentive or tax-qualification records are available?","boundary":"Reviewed investment disclosure: Not disclosed by operator; Chamber cites largest new-to-market investment in Memphis history. A program commitment is not a campus valuation.","references":[{"id":"tnecd-meta-gallatin","url":"https://www.tn.gov/ecd/news/2020/8/12/governor-lee--commissioner-rolfe-announce-facebook-to-build--800-million-data-center-in-gallatin.html","title":"Governor Lee, Commissioner Rolfe announce Facebook to build $800 million data center in Gallatin","publisher":"Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2020-08-12"}]},{"topic":"Employment and timing","question":"Which phase, hiring dates, job types and current employer postings are documented?","boundary":"Reviewed jobs disclosure: Not disclosed in cited source. An announced target is not a live vacancy count. The operator references do not establish an employer affiliation, hiring commitment or project-specific training agreement for an unrelated training provider.","references":[{"id":"census-counties","url":"https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2025_Gazetteer/2025_Gaz_counties_national.zip","title":"2025 Census Gazetteer county internal points","publisher":"U.S. Census Bureau","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03"},{"id":"xai-memphis-chamber","url":"https://memphischamber.com/blog/press-release/velocity-meets-potency-xai-announces-memphis-as-new-home/","title":"Velocity meets potency: xAI announces Memphis as new home","publisher":"Greater Memphis Chamber","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2024-06-05"},{"id":"xai-memphis-timeline","url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2025/06/05/elon-musk-xai-supercomputer-grok-memphis-tn/83599473007/","title":"xAI in Memphis: How the project came together and where it stands","publisher":"The Commercial Appeal","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-06-05"},{"id":"xai-turbine-permit","url":"https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/money/business/development/2025/07/02/elon-musk-xai-turbines-in-memphis-permit/84451755007/","title":"xAI granted permit for turbines at Memphis site","publisher":"The Commercial Appeal","accessedAt":"2026-11-03","verifiedAt":"2026-11-03","publishedAt":"2025-07-02"}]}]}